Peridot,
the crystalline variety of the mineral Olivine, derives
its vivid coloration from a combination of magnesium
and iron. The Olivine group is one of the most common
mineral types on the Earth’s surface, it is a magnesium/iron
silicate in which the ratio of magnesium and iron vary
between the two mineral extremities:
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and Fayalite (Fe2SiO4).
Peridot is the transparent gem variety of
Forsterite-Olivine.